Which anatomical passageway serves both air and food?

The anatomical passageway that serves both air and food is the pharynx. The pharynx is a muscular tube that connects the nasal cavity and the mouth to the larynx and esophagus. By being situated at the crossroads of the respiratory and digestive systems, the pharynx plays a crucial role in both breathing and swallowing.

During respiration, air passes through the nasal cavity or mouth into the pharynx, then into the larynx and down the trachea to the lungs. Conversely, when swallowing, food and liquids move from the mouth into the pharynx and then into the esophagus, which directs them to the stomach.

This dual function distinguishes the pharynx from the other choices. The trachea is exclusively for air passage, connecting the larynx to the lungs. The larynx also serves only the respiratory system as it is involved in air intake and sound production. The esophagus is dedicated solely to transporting food from the pharynx to the stomach, without any function in respiration.