What cells are primarily responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body?

Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, are primarily responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body. These cells are specifically adapted for this role; they contain a high concentration of hemoglobin, a protein that binds oxygen molecules in the lungs and carries them to tissues and organs. The unique biconcave disc shape of red blood cells increases their surface area, allowing for more efficient gas exchange.

In addition to transporting oxygen, red blood cells also help transport a small amount of carbon dioxide, a waste product from cellular respiration, back to the lungs for exhalation. This dual role is essential for maintaining the body's metabolic functions and homeostasis.