During inspiration, what type of relationship exists between pressure and volume?

During inspiration, the relationship between pressure and volume is characterized as inverse. This concept is rooted in Boyle's Law, which states that for a given amount of gas at constant temperature, the pressure of the gas is inversely proportional to its volume.

As the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, the thoracic cavity expands, leading to an increase in lung volume. However, as the volume of the lungs increases, the pressure inside the lungs decreases relative to the atmospheric pressure outside. This pressure differential allows air to flow into the lungs, facilitating breathing.

Understanding this relationship is crucial for comprehending how respiratory mechanics operate, particularly during the phases of inhalation and exhalation. The inverse relationship is a fundamental principle applied in various aspects of respiratory physiology, emphasizing how changes in lung volume directly affect intrapulmonary pressure and subsequently airflow.